Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB003450
Identification
Name: Quinone
Description:Quinone is also called 1,4-benzoquinone or cyclohexadienedione. Quinones are oxidized derivatives of aromatic compounds and are often readily made from reactive aromatic compounds with electron-donating substituents such as phenols and catechols, which increase the nucleophilicity of the ring and contributes to the large redox potential needed to break aromaticity. Derivatives of quinones are common constituents of biologically relevant molecules. Some serve as electron acceptors in electron transport chains such as those in photosynthesis (plastoquinone, phylloquinone), and aerobic respiration (ubiquinone).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene
  • 1,4-Benzochinon
  • 1,4-Benzoquine
  • 1,4-Benzoquinone
  • 1,4-Cyclohexadiene dioxide
  • 1,4-Cyclohexadienedione
  • 1,4-Diossibenzene
  • 1,4-Dioxy-benzol
  • 1,4-Dioxybenzene
  • 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
  • 4-hydroxycatechol
  • Benzene-1,2,4-triol
  • Benzo-1,4-quinone
  • Benzo-chinon
  • Benzoquinone
  • Benzoquinone [UN2587]
  • Chinon
  • Chinone
  • Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
  • Cyclohexadienedione
  • Eldoquin
  • Hydroxyhydroquinone
  • Hydroxyquinol
  • P-Benzoquinone
  • P-Chinon
  • P-Quinone
  • Para-Benzoquinone
  • Para-Quinone
  • Quinone1,4-Benzoquinone
  • Semiquinone anion
  • Semiquinone radicals
Chemical Formula: C6H4O2
Average Molecular Weight: 108.0948
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 108.021129372
InChI Key: AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C6H4O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4H
CAS number: 106-51-4
IUPAC Name:cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
Traditional IUPAC Name: quinone
SMILES:O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-benzoquinones. These are benzoquinones where the two C=O groups are attached at the 1- and 4-positions, respectively.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Class Carbonyl compounds
Sub ClassKetones
Direct Parent P-benzoquinones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • P-benzoquinone
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:0
Melting point: 115.7 C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:11.1 mg/mL at 18 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility45.4 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.21ALOGPS
logP1.02ChemAxon
logS-0.38ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area34.14 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity31.03 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability9.75 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSNot Available
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-7900000000-fca2433f986ba378f8c9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00or-9000000000-6897ef153b4119e50cebView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-014u-9000000000-9bddbff45c6d0d3e0cf1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (JEOL JMS-D-3000) , Positivesplash10-0zgi-9500000000-c8bfbbc465fad7929f87View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, NegativeNot Available
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0zgi-9200000000-8777cde0dbcbb2157cddView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
References
References:
  • Bello RI, Gomez-Diaz C, Navarro F, Alcain FJ, Villalba JM: Expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in HeLa cells: role of hydrogen peroxide and growth phase. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 30;276(48):44379-84. Epub 2001 Sep 20. Pubmed: 11567026
  • Fabiani R, De Bartolomeo A, Morozzi G: Involvement of oxygen free radicals in the serum-mediated increase of benzoquinone genotoxicity. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2005 Oct;46(3):156-63. Pubmed: 15920754
  • Gaskell M, McLuckie KI, Farmer PB: Comparison of the repair of DNA damage induced by the benzene metabolites hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone: a role for hydroquinone in benzene genotoxicity. Carcinogenesis. 2005 Mar;26(3):673-80. Epub 2004 Dec 23. Pubmed: 15618234
  • Hasegawa T, Matsuzaki M, Takeda A, Kikuchi A, Furukawa K, Shibahara S, Itoyama Y: Increased dopamine and its metabolites in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that express tyrosinase. J Neurochem. 2003 Oct;87(2):470-5. Pubmed: 14511124
  • He K, Talaat RE, Woolf TF: Incorporation of an oxygen from water into troglitazone quinone by cytochrome P450 and myeloperoxidase. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Apr;32(4):442-6. Pubmed: 15039298
  • He K, Woolf TF, Kindt EK, Fielder AE, Talaat RE: Troglitazone quinone formation catalyzed by human and rat CYP3A: an atypical CYP oxidation reaction. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Jul 15;62(2):191-8. Pubmed: 11389877
  • Kwasnicka-Crawford DA, Vincent SR: Role of a novel dual flavin reductase (NR1) and an associated histidine triad protein (DCS-1) in menadione-induced cytotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 21;336(2):565-71. Pubmed: 16140270
  • Mu D, Medzihradszky KF, Adams GW, Mayer P, Hines WM, Burlingame AL, Smith AJ, Cai D, Klinman JP: Primary structures for a mammalian cellular and serum copper amine oxidase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 1;269(13):9926-32. Pubmed: 8144587
  • Park S, Geddes TJ, Javitch JA, Kuhn DM: Dopamine prevents nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase by peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide: is nitrotyrosine formation an early step in dopamine neuronal damage? J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 1;278(31):28736-42. Epub 2003 May 27. Pubmed: 12771134
  • Roberg K, Johansson U, Ollinger K: Lysosomal release of cathepsin D precedes relocation of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Dec;27(11-12):1228-37. Pubmed: 10641715
  • Siegel D, Ryder J, Ross D: NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression in human bone marrow endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett. 2001 Dec 15;125(1-3):93-8. Pubmed: 11701227
  • Smith MT: The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia: a hypothesis and speculations on the causes of leukemia. Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Dec;104 Suppl 6:1219-25. Pubmed: 9118896
  • Soucek P: Cytochrome P450 destruction by quinones: comparison of effects in rat and human liver microsomes. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Aug 1;121(3):223-36. Pubmed: 10462055
  • Terman A, Neuzil J, Kagedal K, Ollinger K, Brunk UT: Decreased apoptotic response of inclusion-cell disease fibroblasts: a consequence of lysosomal enzyme missorting? Exp Cell Res. 2002 Mar 10;274(1):9-15. Pubmed: 11855852
  • Toyota T, Ueno Y: [Clinical effect and side effect of troglitazone] Nippon Rinsho. 2000 Feb;58(2):376-82. Pubmed: 10707561
  • Xu L, Eiseman JL, Egorin MJ, D'Argenio DZ: Physiologically-based pharmacokinetics and molecular pharmacodynamics of 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin and its active metabolite in tumor-bearing mice. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2003 Jun;30(3):185-219. Pubmed: 14571691
  • Yamazaki H, Shibata A, Suzuki M, Nakajima M, Shimada N, Guengerich FP, Yokoi T: Oxidation of troglitazone to a quinone-type metabolite catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 2C8 and P-450 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Nov;27(11):1260-6. Pubmed: 10534310
Synthesis Reference: Harman, Robert E.; Cason, James. The preparation of quinones from p-aminophenols obtained by electrolytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1952), 17 1058-62.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID16509
HMDB IDHMDB03364
Pubchem Compound ID4650
Kegg IDC15602
ChemSpider ID4489
WikipediaQuinone
BioCyc IDCPD-8130
EcoCyc IDCPD-8130
Ligand ExpoPLQ

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth
Gene Name:
sdhB
Locus Tag:
PA1584
Molecular weight:
26.2 kDa
Reactions
Succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Oxidizes proline to glutamate for use as a carbon and nitrogen source and also function as a transcriptional repressor of the put operon
Gene Name:
putA
Locus Tag:
PA0782
Molecular weight:
115.6 kDa
Reactions
L-proline + acceptor = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + reduced acceptor.
(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD(P)(+) + 2 H(2)O = L-glutamate + NAD(P)H.
General function:
Involved in D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Oxidative deamination of D-amino acids
Gene Name:
dadA
Locus Tag:
PA5304
Molecular weight:
47.1 kDa
Reactions
A D-amino acid + H(2)O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH(3) + reduced acceptor.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
(S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol
Gene Name:
pyrD
Locus Tag:
PA3050
Molecular weight:
36.1 kDa
Reactions
(S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol.
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; the fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and the succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth
Gene Name:
sdhA
Locus Tag:
PA1583
Molecular weight:
63.5 kDa
Reactions
Succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.
General function:
Involved in succinate dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
Gene Name:
sdhD
Locus Tag:
PA1582
Molecular weight:
13.7 kDa
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoA
Locus Tag:
PA2637
Molecular weight:
15 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoB
Locus Tag:
PA2638
Molecular weight:
25.4 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoE
Locus Tag:
PA2640
Molecular weight:
18.1 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in oxidation-reduction process
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. This subunit may bind ubiquinone
Gene Name:
nuoH
Locus Tag:
PA2643
Molecular weight:
36.7 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoI
Locus Tag:
PA2644
Molecular weight:
20.6 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoJ
Locus Tag:
PA2645
Molecular weight:
17.6 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
Specific function:
There are 2 NADH dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however only this complex is able to use dNADH (reduced nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide, deamino-NADH) and dNADH-DB (dimethoxy- 5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone) as substrates
Gene Name:
nuoK
Locus Tag:
PA2646
Molecular weight:
11 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoM
Locus Tag:
PA2648
Molecular weight:
55.7 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoN
Locus Tag:
PA2649
Molecular weight:
51.7 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
NADPH + 2 quinone = NADP(+) + 2 semiquinone
Gene Name:
qorA
Locus Tag:
PA0023
Molecular weight:
35.1 kDa
Reactions
NADPH + 2 quinone = NADP(+) + 2 semiquinone.
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoF
Locus Tag:
PA2641
Molecular weight:
48.7 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on NADH or NADPH
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoC
Locus Tag:
PA2639
Molecular weight:
68.3 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoG
Locus Tag:
PA2642
Molecular weight:
99 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
Gene Name:
nuoL
Locus Tag:
PA2647
Molecular weight:
66.2 kDa
Reactions
NADH + quinone = NAD(+) + quinol.
General function:
Involved in malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
Specific function:
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone
Gene Name:
mqo
Locus Tag:
PA3452
Molecular weight:
57.2 kDa
Reactions
(S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + reduced quinone.
General function:
Involved in succinate dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
Gene Name:
sdhC
Locus Tag:
PA1581
Molecular weight:
13.7 kDa