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Description: FADH2 is a reduced form of Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FAD is a redox cofactor involved in several important reactions in metabolism. It can exist in two different redox states, which it converts between by accepting or donating electrons. The molecule consists of a riboflavin moiety (vitamin B2) bound to the phosphate group of an ADP molecule. The flavin group is bound to ribitol, a sugar alcohol, by a carbon-nitrogen bond, not a glycosidic bond. Thus, riboflavin is not technically a nucleotide; the name flavin adenine dinucleotide is a misnomer. FAD can be reduced to FADH2, whereby it accepts two hydrogen atoms.

Description: N2-Succinyl-L-ornithine is a substrate for Ornithine aminotransferase (mitochondrial).

Description: Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine. GDP is the product of GTP dephosphorylation by GTPases, e.g. the G-proteins that are involved in signal transduction.

Description: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.

Description: Acetyl-CoA is the thioester formed between coenzyme A (a thiol) and acetic acid (an acyl group carrier). Acetyl-CoA is produced during the second step of aerobic cellular respiration, pyruvate decarboxylation. Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.

Description: Diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A) is a diadenosine polyphosphate. APnAs isolated substances are Ap3A, Ap4A, Ap5A, and Ap6A. The APnAs were discovered in the mid-sixties in the course of studies on aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). APnAs have emerged as intracellular and extracellular signalling molecules implicated in the maintenance and regulation of vital cellular functions and become considered as second messengers. It is an intermediate of purine metabolism pathway.

Description: 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway. This is an alternative metabolic pathway leading to the formation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis is 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR).

Description: 5-Thymidylic acid is a thymine nucleotide. Also known as thymidine monophosphate, and abbreviated TMP, is a nucleotide that is found in DNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine. TMP consists of a phosphate group, esterified to the the pentose sugar deoxyribose moiety, and the nucleobase thymine.

Description: L-Glutamic acid 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups, a substrate of aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1 [EC:2.7.2.11 1.2.1.41] (KEGG)

Description: 4-Nitrophenol, also called p-nitrophenol or 4-hydroxynitrobenzene, is a phenolic compound that has a nitro group at the opposite position of hydroxy group on the benzene ring. (Wikipedia)