Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000074
Identification
Name: L-Histidine
Description:Histidine is an amino acid. It is a precursor for histamine and carnosine biosynthesis. The enzyme histidine ammonia-lyase converts histidine into ammonia and urocanic acid. (Wikipedia)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • α-amino-4-imidazoleproprionate
  • α-amino-4-imidazoleproprionic acid
  • (S)-α-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  • (S)-α-amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  • (S)-1H-Imidazole-4-alanine
  • (S)-2-Amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionsaeure
  • (S)-4-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole
  • (S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  • (S)-a-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  • (S)-a-amino-1H-Imidazole-4-propionate
  • (S)-a-amino-1H-Imidazole-4-propionic acid
  • (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  • (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  • (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionate
  • (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propionic acid
  • (S)-Histidine
  • (S)-α-amino-1H-Imidazole-4-propanoate
  • (S)-α-amino-1H-Imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  • (S)-α-amino-1H-Imidazole-4-propionate
  • (S)-α-amino-1H-Imidazole-4-propionic acid
  • (S)1H-Imidazole-4-alanine
  • 3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-L-Alanine
  • a-amino-4-Imidazoleproprionate
  • a-amino-4-Imidazoleproprionic acid
  • Alpha-Amino-4-imidazoleproprionate
  • Alpha-Amino-4-imidazoleproprionic acid
  • Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoate
  • Amino-1H-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
  • Amino-4-imidazoleproprionate
  • Amino-4-imidazoleproprionic acid
  • Glyoxaline-5-alanine
  • H
  • His
  • Histidine
  • L-(-)-Histidine
  • α-amino-4-Imidazoleproprionate
  • α-amino-4-Imidazoleproprionic acid
Chemical Formula: C6H9N3O2
Average Molecular Weight: 155.1546
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 155.069476547
InChI Key: HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C6H9N3O2/c7-5(6(10)11)1-4-2-8-3-9-4/h2-3,5H,1,7H2,(H,8,9)(H,10,11)/t5-/m0/s1
CAS number: 71-00-1
IUPAC Name:(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: L-histidine
SMILES:N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as d-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the D-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
Class Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent D-alpha-amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • D-alpha-amino acid
  • Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
  • Aralkylamine
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Imidazole
  • Azole
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:0
Melting point: 287 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:45.6 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogP:-3.32 [CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility62.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-3.1ALOGPS
logP-3.6ChemAxon
logS-0.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.85ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.44ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area92 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity38.06 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability14.67 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0udi-0940000000-43b9b035189af65e19cbView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0udi-0910000000-fc3ecec9d4ff3aa8cb09View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-0udi-0910000000-8284a673a35f7ac2241fView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (3 TMS)splash10-0fk9-8910000000-a3231b1a418b5798ecacView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (3 TMS)splash10-0udi-1920000000-227e8116769731104e82View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-0ufu-2942100000-31605fd50ecc1f5be0edView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSNot Available
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0a4i-0900000000-21530fac9975dc1edc7cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-053r-9300000000-a946c375931adb366aaeView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-053r-9000000000-61a3602d80bc0d54c579View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-7d63b501889c2628f4f0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-001i-0900000000-d4ccd4e44ca818b4cb17View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-811aee5724fe0999c134View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-2900000000-052753eb699ae7cb4cb9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-3e145a05e6a71a0a2f56View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-143a4b9d88183bc5abe7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-a8c213472da676a241f2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-001i-0900000000-dfdf9562f155abb5fdebView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0uk9-0879331100-8434b5b9e7e5700c2353View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-aaaaadcecd4cd7c94e1eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-90c4cbd09d7abc003013View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-1381708d18c24486773dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0w29-0696321100-eb62fc608270d1151707View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-3450566ff38e6506a70fView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-01q9-7900000000-124509a66476629ce10aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-efa6a21b1be16fda0802View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-137840e69da48c6114e4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0udu-3900000000-06d50e90c797793a72d7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0006-9100000000-de7c9eb8068ef4f39f85View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-00l6-9000000000-ebf778679d4c6d6a6057View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-014i-9000000000-08d0188684283d1b2372View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-46c2f608d27f0381a039View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
References
References:
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  • Janknecht R, Hipskind RA, Houthaeve T, Nordheim A, Stunnenberg HG: Identification of multiple SRF N-terminal phosphorylation sites affecting DNA binding properties. EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1045-54. Pubmed: 1547771
  • Jung J, Kim SH, Lee HS, Choi GS, Jung YS, Ryu DH, Park HS, Hwang GS: Serum metabolomics reveals pathways and biomarkers associated with asthma pathogenesis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Apr;43(4):425-33. doi: 10.1111/cea.12089. Pubmed: 23517038
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Klassen P, Furst P, Schulz C, Mazariegos M, Solomons NW: Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):647-52. Pubmed: 11237944
  • Masini E, Fabbroni V, Giannini L, Vannacci A, Messerini L, Perna F, Cortesini C, Cianchi F: Histamine and histidine decarboxylase up-regulation in colorectal cancer: correlation with tumor stage. Inflamm Res. 2005 Apr;54 Suppl 1:S80-1. Pubmed: 15928846
  • Mason AB, Halbrooks PJ, James NG, Connolly SA, Larouche JR, Smith VC, MacGillivray RT, Chasteen ND: Mutational analysis of C-lobe ligands of human serum transferrin: insights into the mechanism of iron release. Biochemistry. 2005 Jun 7;44(22):8013-21. Pubmed: 15924420
  • Mukerji SK, Pimstone NR, Gandhi SN, Tan KT: Biochemical diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic modulation of disease activity in an unusual case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Clin Chem. 1985 Dec;31(12):1946-51. Pubmed: 4064282
  • Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. Pubmed: 6696735
  • Peng CT, Wu KH, Lan SJ, Tsai JJ, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH: Amino acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1158-63. Epub 2005 Apr 14. Pubmed: 15911239
  • Peterson JW, Boldogh I, Popov VL, Saini SS, Chopra AK: Anti-inflammatory and antisecretory potential of histidine in Salmonella-challenged mouse small intestine. Lab Invest. 1998 May;78(5):523-34. Pubmed: 9605177
  • Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. Pubmed: 14992292
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. Pubmed: 2026685
  • Sieja K, Stanosz S, von Mach-Szczypinski J, Olewniczak S, Stanosz M: Concentration of histamine in serum and tissues of the primary ductal breast cancers in women. Breast. 2005 Jun;14(3):236-41. Epub 2005 Jan 21. Pubmed: 15927833
  • Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. Pubmed: 12097436
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Watanabe M, Suliman ME, Qureshi AR, Garcia-Lopez E, Barany P, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B: Consequences of low plasma histidine in chronic kidney disease patients: associations with inflammation, oxidative stress, and mortality. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1860-6. Pubmed: 18541578
  • Wevers RA, Engelke U, Wendel U, de Jong JG, Gabreels FJ, Heerschap A: Standardized method for high-resolution 1H-NMR of cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 1995 May;41(5):744-51. Pubmed: 7729054
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
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Synthesis Reference: Aurelio Luigi; Brownlee Robert T C; Hughes Andrew B A novel synthesis of N-methyl asparagine, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan. Organic letters (2002), 4(21), 3767-9.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15971
HMDB IDHMDB00177
Pubchem Compound ID6274
Kegg IDC00135
ChemSpider ID6038
WikipediaL-Histidine
BioCyc IDHIS
EcoCyc IDHIS
Ligand ExpoHIS_LFZW_DHE2

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L- histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine
Gene Name:
hisD
Locus Tag:
PA4448
Molecular weight:
47.2 kDa
Reactions
L-histidinol + H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) = L-histidine + 2 NADH.
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for histidine. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:
hisP
Locus Tag:
PA2926
Molecular weight:
28.5 kDa
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)
Gene Name:
hisS
Locus Tag:
PA3802
Molecular weight:
47.5 kDa
Reactions
ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His).
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for histidine; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:
hisM
Locus Tag:
PA2925
Molecular weight:
26.7 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for histidine; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:
hisQ
Locus Tag:
PA2924
Molecular weight:
24.5 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Component of the high-affinity histidine permease, a binding-protein-dependent transport system. The other components are proteins hisQ, hisM, and hisP
Gene Name:
hisJ
Locus Tag:
PA2923
Molecular weight:
28.2 kDa

Transporters

General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for histidine. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:
hisP
Locus Tag:
PA2926
Molecular weight:
28.5 kDa
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Probably part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system yecCS for an amino acid. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
Gene Name:
yecC
Locus Tag:
PA5152
Molecular weight:
28.4 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for histidine; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:
hisM
Locus Tag:
PA2925
Molecular weight:
26.7 kDa
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Permease that is involved in the transport across the cytoplasmic membrane of the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan)
Gene Name:
aroP
Locus Tag:
PA3000
Molecular weight:
51 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for histidine; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane
Gene Name:
hisQ
Locus Tag:
PA2924
Molecular weight:
24.5 kDa
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Component of the high-affinity histidine permease, a binding-protein-dependent transport system. The other components are proteins hisQ, hisM, and hisP
Gene Name:
hisJ
Locus Tag:
PA2923
Molecular weight:
28.2 kDa