Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000309
Identification
Name: Betaine aldehyde
Description:Betaine aldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde to betaine. (PMID: 12467448, 7646513)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (formylmethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium
  • (Formylmethyl)trimethylammonium
  • N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxoethylammonium
  • Betaine aldehyde
  • BTL
  • Glycine betaine aldehyde
  • N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxo Ethanaminium
  • N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxo-Ethanaminium
  • N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxoethylammonium
  • Trimethyl(formylmethyl)ammonium
Chemical Formula: C5H12NO
Average Molecular Weight: 102.1549
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 102.091889011
InChI Key: SXKNCCSPZDCRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C5H12NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h5H,4H2,1-3H3/q+1
CAS number: 7418-61-3
IUPAC Name:trimethyl(2-oxoethyl)azanium
Traditional IUPAC Name: betaine aldehyde
SMILES:C[N+](C)(C)CC=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quaternary ammonium salts. These are compounds containing positively charged polyatomic ion of the structure NR4+, R being an alkyl group or an aryl group.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
Class Quaternary ammonium salts
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct Parent Quaternary ammonium salts
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Quaternary ammonium salt
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aldehyde
  • Organic cation
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:1
Melting point: Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.932 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-4.7ChemAxon
logS-2.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)-8.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area17.07 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity41.06 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability11.64 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
References
References:
  • Chern MK, Pietruszko R: Human aldehyde dehydrogenase E3 isozyme is a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Aug 15;213(2):561-8. Pubmed: 7646513
  • Chesnoy S, Durand D, Doucet J, Couarraze G: Structural parameters involved in the permeation of propranolol HCl by iontophoresis and enhancers. J Control Release. 1999 Mar 29;58(2):163-75. Pubmed: 10053189
  • Desfosses B, Cittanova N, Urbach W, Waks M: Ligand binding at membrane mimetic interfaces. Human serum albumin in reverse micelles. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Jul 1;199(1):79-87. Pubmed: 1712302
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Nalecz KA, Miecz D, Berezowski V, Cecchelli R: Carnitine: transport and physiological functions in the brain. Mol Aspects Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;25(5-6):551-67. Pubmed: 15363641
  • Peterson CG, Eklund E, Taha Y, Raab Y, Carlson M: A new method for the quantification of neutrophil and eosinophil cationic proteins in feces: establishment of normal levels and clinical application in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Jul;97(7):1755-62. Pubmed: 12135031
  • Prester L, Simeon V: Kinetics of the inhibition of human serum cholinesterase phenotypes with the dimethylcarbamate of (2-hydroxy-5-phenylbenzyl)-trimethylammonium bromide (Ro 02-0683). Biochem Pharmacol. 1991 Nov 27;42(12):2313-6. Pubmed: 1764116
  • Scott JE, Newton DJ: The recovery and characterization of acid glycosaminoglycans in normal human urine. Influence of a circadian rhythm. Connect Tissue Res. 1975;3(2):157-64. Pubmed: 126843
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Wang L, Dean DA, Macdonald RC: Effect of vinblastine on transfection: influence of cell types, cationic lipids and promoters. Curr Drug Deliv. 2005 Jan;2(1):93-6. Pubmed: 16305411
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
  • Yilmaz, J. L., Bulow, L. (2002). "Enhanced stress tolerance in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum expressing a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase/choline dehydrogenase fusion protein." Biotechnol Prog 18:1176-1182. Pubmed: 12467448
Synthesis Reference: Cromwell, B. T.; Rennie, S. D. Biosynthesis and metabolism of betaines in plants. II. Biosynthesis of glycinebetaine(betaine) in higher plants. Biochemical Journal (1954), 58 318-22.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15710
HMDB IDHMDB01252
Pubchem Compound ID249
Kegg IDC00576
ChemSpider ID244
WikipediaBTL
BioCyc IDBETAINE_ALDEHYDE
EcoCyc IDBETAINE_ALDEHYDE
Ligand ExpoBTL