Hypoxanthine (PAMDB000059)

IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical PropertiesBiological PropertiesSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesEnzymes Transporters
Proteins (3280)
Record Information
Version 1.0
Update Date 1/22/2018 12:54:54 PM
Metabolite IDPAMDB000059
Identification
Name: Hypoxanthine
Description:Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway. Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination product of adenine.
Structure
Thumb
🔍MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChIView Structure
Synonyms:
  • 1,7-Dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
  • 1,7-Dihydro-6H-purine-6-one
  • 1H,7H-Hypoxanthine
  • 3H-Purin-6-ol
  • 4-Hydroxy-1H-purine
  • 6(1H)-Purinone
  • 6-Hydroxy-1H-purine
  • 6-Hydroxypurine
  • 6-Oxopurine
  • 7H-Purin-6-ol
  • 9H-Purin-6(1H)-one
  • 9H-Purin-6-ol
  • Hypoxanthine enol
  • Purin-6(1H)-one
  • Purin-6(3H)-one
  • Purin-6-ol
  • Purine-6-ol
  • Sarcine
  • Sarkin
  • Sarkine
Chemical Formula: C5H4N4O
Average Molecular Weight: 136.1115
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 136.03851077
InChI Key: FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-4(7-1-6-3)8-2-9-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)
CAS number: 68-94-0
IUPAC Name:7H-purin-6-ol
Traditional IUPAC Name: 6-hydroxypurine
SMILES:OC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2
Chemical Taxonomy
Taxonomy DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hypoxanthines. These are compounds containing the purine derivative 1H-purin-6(9H)-one. Purine is a bicyclic aromatic compound made up of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.
Kingdom Organic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
Class Imidazopyrimidines
Sub ClassPurines and purine derivatives
Direct Parent Hypoxanthines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hypoxanthine
  • 6-oxopurine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrimidine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Imidazole
  • Azole
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular Framework Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State: Solid
Charge:0
Melting point: 150 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:0.7 mg/mL [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]; 5 mg/mL [HMP experimental]PhysProp
LogP:-1.11 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility13.0 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.55ALOGPS
logP-0.048ChemAxon
logS-1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.72ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)2.66ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area74.69 Å2ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity35.5 m3·mol-1ChemAxon
Polarizability11.82 Å3ChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations: Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Hypoxanthine + Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate <> Inosinic acid + Pyrophosphate
Deoxyinosine + Phosphate <> Deoxyribose 1-phosphate + Hypoxanthine
Inosine + Phosphate <> Hypoxanthine + Ribose-1-phosphate
Water + Hypoxanthine + NAD > Hydrogen ion + NADH + Xanthine
Water + Inosine > Hypoxanthine + Ribose
Adenine + Hydrogen ion + Water > Hypoxanthine + Ammonium
Adenine + Water <> Hypoxanthine + Ammonia
Inosine + Phosphate <> Hypoxanthine + alpha-D-Ribose 1-phosphate
Deoxyinosine + Phosphate <> deoxyribose-1-phosphate + Hypoxanthine
Inosine + Water > D-ribose + Hypoxanthine
Hypoxanthine + NAD + Water > Xanthine + NADH
More...

Pathways:
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)splash10-0159-3970000000-0d844fae4a1ffe158823View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies)splash10-014i-1790000000-ae93bf8bf07b30b65e1aView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)splash10-00di-9340000000-1184c503fb61344c4853View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS)splash10-014i-3590000000-a419976950afe7934cbcView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSNot Available
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-0900000000-2b36c20acd9973b317f5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0api-9800000000-fb4e3cccb7d27d119febView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0aor-9200000000-33c2f9eedf9a878530beView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positivesplash10-000i-9800000000-9c266d6963658e9d2cf1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0910000000-4da64abddc3ac8ab573aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-1900000000-859f61101b12be0b2978View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-1900000000-f5d899e7988568d5bcabView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-e19e6d04568d3560eb4aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0910000000-8def0d2ec82152826763View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-2900000000-a8361951a2f702a217c7View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-3f653a7c81b328e46cb5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0080290000-be98ce43421dbf9007faView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0930030000-56ea204dcb077bc174c2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0006-9000000000-4c2d1980f9e5e4b720a5View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-26b3c93bc9dea5a88032View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-1900000000-c367cd4c23aea0f74ecbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-000l-8900000000-91e35cdcc11d357119f0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0006-9100000000-4fb8f4ee2d35aa874617View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-014l-9000000000-7934b3037f39d69fc40aView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-014i-9000000000-ad93e267446292bf247bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-4b8f9e13ed7adf0888c2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-f295755f591e27bb9f07View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-aee48a44f42a4b767844View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-f5ebd92e86cf00f28cf1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-9a1ad1aa2d8fb621b608View in MoNA
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-000i-8900000000-ebf57ea530a2d4e31ffaView in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot Available
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot Available
References
References:
  • Bullo B, Marlewski M, Smolenski RT, Rutkowski B, Swierczynski J, Manitius J: Erythrocyte nucleotides and blood hypoxanthine in patients with uremia evaluated immediately and 24 hours after hemodialysis. Ren Fail. 1996 Mar;18(2):247-52. Pubmed: 8723362
  • Castro-Gago M, Rodriguez IN, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Guitian JP, Rocamonde SL, Rodriguez-Segade S: Therapeutic criteria in hydrocephalic children. Childs Nerv Syst. 1989 Dec;5(6):361-3. Pubmed: 2611770
  • Eells JT, Spector R: Purine and pyrimidine base and nucleoside concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Neurochem Res. 1983 Nov;8(11):1451-7. Pubmed: 6656991
  • Gudbjornsson B, Zak A, Niklasson F, Hallgren R: Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and urate in synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory arthritides. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991 Oct;50(10):669-72. Pubmed: 1958086
  • Ihara H, Shino Y, Morita Y, Kawaguchi E, Hashizume N, Yoshida M: Is skeletal muscle damaged by the oxidative stress following anaerobic exercise? J Clin Lab Anal. 2001;15(5):239-43. Pubmed: 11574951
  • Inokuchi T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Ka T, Yamamoto A, Cheng J, Hashimoto-Tamaoki T, Hada T, Yamamoto T: Identification of a new point mutation in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase responsible for hyperuricemia in a female patient. Metabolism. 2004 Nov;53(11):1500-2. Pubmed: 15536609
  • Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597. Pubmed: 17379776
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • Kaya M, Moriwaki Y, Ka T, Inokuchi T, Yamamoto A, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Tsuzita J, Oku Y, Yamamoto T: Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases (uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine) and oxypurinol after rigorous exercise. Metabolism. 2006 Jan;55(1):103-7. Pubmed: 16324927
  • Keseler, I. M., Collado-Vides, J., Santos-Zavaleta, A., Peralta-Gil, M., Gama-Castro, S., Muniz-Rascado, L., Bonavides-Martinez, C., Paley, S., Krummenacker, M., Altman, T., Kaipa, P., Spaulding, A., Pacheco, J., Latendresse, M., Fulcher, C., Sarker, M., Shearer, A. G., Mackie, A., Paulsen, I., Gunsalus, R. P., Karp, P. D. (2011). "EcoCyc: a comprehensive database of Escherichia coli biology." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D583-D590. Pubmed: 21097882
  • Koellner G, Luic M, Shugar D, Saenger W, Bzowska A: Crystal structure of calf spleen purine nucleoside phosphorylase in a complex with hypoxanthine at 2.15 A resolution. J Mol Biol. 1997 Jan 17;265(2):202-16. Pubmed: 9020983
  • Nakayama Y, Kinoshita A, Tomita M: Dynamic simulation of red blood cell metabolism and its application to the analysis of a pathological condition. Theor Biol Med Model. 2005 May 9;2(1):18. Pubmed: 15882454
  • Niklasson F: Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, and creatinine in cerebrospinal fluid, with direct injection. Clin Chem. 1983 Aug;29(8):1543-6. Pubmed: 6872216
  • Ohdoi C, Nyhan WL, Kuhara T: Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 15;792(1):123-30. Pubmed: 12829005
  • Pietz J, Guttenberg N, Gluck L: Hypoxanthine: a marker for asphyxia. Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Nov;72(5):762-6. Pubmed: 3140152
  • Saari H: Oxygen derived free radicals and synovial fluid hyaluronate. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991 Jun;50(6):389-92. Pubmed: 1711835
  • Saiki S, Sato T, Hiwatari M, Harada T, Oouchi M, Kamimoto M: Relation between changes in serum hypoxanthine levels by exercise and daily physical activity in the elderly. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1999 May;188(1):71-4. Pubmed: 10494902
  • Saiki S, Sato T, Kohzuki M, Kamimoto M, Yosida T: Changes in serum hypoxanthine levels by exercise in obese subjects. Metabolism. 2001 Jun;50(6):627-30. Pubmed: 11398135
  • Smolenska Z, Kaznowska Z, Zarowny D, Simmonds HA, Smolenski RT: Effect of methotrexate on blood purine and pyrimidine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Oct;38(10):997-1002. Pubmed: 10534552
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • Storm H, Rognum TO, Saugstad OD, Skullerud K, Reichelt KL: Beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in spinal fluid and hypoxanthine in vitreous humour related to brain stem gliosis in sudden infant death victims. Eur J Pediatr. 1994 Sep;153(9):675-81. Pubmed: 7957429
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference: Shaw, Elliott.New synthesis of the purines adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and isoguanine. Journal of Biological Chemistry (1950), 185 439-47.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17368
HMDB IDHMDB00157
Pubchem Compound ID790
Kegg IDC00262
ChemSpider ID768
WikipediaHypoxanthine
BioCyc IDHYPOXANTHINE
EcoCyc IDHYPOXANTHINE
Ligand ExpoHPA

Enzymes

Protein Details
• Putative xanthine dehydrogenase yagS FAD-binding subunit
General function:
Involved in flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
Specific function:
Xanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = urate + NADH
Gene Name:
yagS
Locus Tag:
PA1932
Molecular weight:
35.6 kDa
Reactions
Xanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = urate + NADH.
Hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = xanthine + NADH.
Protein Details
• Xanthine dehydrogenase molybdenum-binding subunit
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Presumed to be a dehydrogenase, but possibly an oxidase. Participates in limited purine salvage (requires aspartate) but does not support aerobic growth on purines as the sole carbon source (purine catabolism). Deletion results in increased adenine sensitivity, suggesting that this protein contributes to the conversion of adenine to guanine nucleotides during purine salvage
Gene Name:
xdhA
Locus Tag:
PA1524
Molecular weight:
52.9 kDa
Reactions
Xanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = urate + NADH.
Hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = xanthine + NADH.
Protein Details
• Xanthine dehydrogenase FAD-binding subunit
General function:
Involved in flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
Specific function:
Presumed to be a dehydrogenase, but possibly an oxidase. Participates in limited purine salvage (requires aspartate) but does not support aerobic growth on purines as the sole carbon source (purine catabolism)
Gene Name:
xdhB
Locus Tag:
PA1523
Molecular weight:
87.7 kDa
Reactions
Xanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = urate + NADH.
Hypoxanthine + NAD(+) + H(2)O = xanthine + NADH.
Protein Details
• PaoABC aldehyde oxidoreductase, 2Fe-2S subunit
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
paoA
Locus Tag:
PA1931
Molecular weight:
18.3 kDa

Transporters